Feminist Protests †1960s and 1970s Activist Movements

Different Aspects of Schizophrenia Essay - 1126 Words

Different Aspects of Schizophrenia The devastating mental illness of Schizophrenia is a major concern of modern medicine. Schizophrenia associates any one person with multiple problems. These problems include delusions, hallucinations, and disorganized behavior (Long 1999). The illness is a disease of the brain that is explained clinically as, disease of the mind, a simple explanation given by Nancy Andreasen (1999). It is important to understand that there are different types of this mental illness as well. The different types are the paranoid, catatonic, disorganized, undifferentiated and the residual type. In cases of the paranoid type preoccupations with one or more delusions or frequent auditory hallucinations occur. The†¦show more content†¦This is not for lack of effort. Literally hundreds of causes have been proposed (Davidson 1995). They include viruses, accidental injury before and after birth, as well as illicit substances. However, only inherited factors are generally accepted as signifi cant causes. Evidence for such factors comes from everyday experience: It is common to find families with several affected members. While such clustering could also be due to shared non-inherited environmental factors, more convincing evidence has come from twin studies, as well as studies of ill individuals who were adopted away before the onset of illness. These studies do not suggest inherited factors as the sole causes (Mitchell 1991). As stated by Nancy Andreasen (1999) Schizophrenia is probably caused by these multiple environmental stimuli and a combination of inherited genes. A more reasonable explanation is that there are individuals who have an inherited proneness to illness. Such individuals may fall ill, if in addition, they are exposed to obnoxious factors in the environment such as drugs. It has already been proven that in the causation of diseases like diabetes and raised blood pressure. It is important to stress that statistical analysis does not support the presences of a single genetic factor in this scheme. Rather, the inheritance is probablyShow MoreRelatedThis Paper Will Discuss Different Aspects Of Schizophrenia.1841 Words   |  8 PagesThis paper will discuss different aspects of Schizophrenia. Schizophrenia is an illness that affects how a person thinks, feels, and acts. It affects each person differently both on a daily basis and over a lifetime. Living with schizophrenia may make it harder manage your feelings, think clearly and deal with other people on the daily basis. Many people who battle with this disorder have difficulty distinguishing between what is real and what is imaginary. Schizophrenics have a hard time in socialRead MoreSchizophrenia And Its Effects On Society1464 Words   |  6 PagesAccording to World Health Organization schizophrenia is listed as the second highest contributor to overall burden of diseases. Schizophrenia is one of the most tragic diseases a human being can be afflicted with. The disorder involves disturbances in perception, thought, behavior, language, emotion and communication. The onset of symptoms begins most commonly in people who fall in the category of late teens to early twenties. In the United States alone one half to two and a half percent of the populationRead MoreThe Issue Of Child Onset Schizophrenia Essay1612 Words   |  7 Pages SOWK 506- Fall 2015 Assignment #3: Child Onset Schizophrenia Becki Kennedy and Mary Marrone USC School of Social Work December 11, 2015 Martha Lyon-Levine Introduction This research paper focuses on the issue of child onset schizophrenia, specifically looking at the prognosis, symptoms, stigma, and most effective treatment options for children. This topic has become a significant social issue as a result of the recent mass school shootings throughout the nationRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Schizophrenia989 Words   |  4 PagesSchizophrenia occurs in people from all cultures and from all walks of life. Schizophrenia is a chronic brain disorder that affects a small portion of the population in the world. When schizophrenia is active there are many different symptoms that can appear. Some symptoms can include delusions, hallucinations, trouble with thinking and concentration, and lack of motivation. When these symptoms are treated, most people with schizophrenia will improve over time with treatment. With the different studiesRead MoreA Beautiful Mind Is Based On The Life Of The Prize Winner John Nash1192 Words   |  5 Pagesschizop hrenic recovering patient. One of the many remarkable aspects in the life of Dr. Nash is his recovery from Schizophrenia. The psychological disorder schizophrenia is one of the many psychological disorders that people suffer, this disorder includes several different types of symptoms, and it is characterized by disorganized thought, perception and behavior. There are several treatments for this disorder, which include different medication, but in this particular case John Nash helped to hisRead MoreThe Lack of Insight in Schizophrenia1653 Words   |  7 PagesThe Lack of Insight in Schizophrenia In my lifetime, I have spent months with my Grandmother, Florence Ernstead, who is a diagnosed paranoid delusional schizophrenic. During this time I have realized that schizophrenics have difficulty realizing the seriousness of their disorders. This inability to acknowledge a problem is known by psychiatrists as lack of insight. Many psychotic patients, especially schizophrenics, display a lack of insight into their disorder (Keefe 9). Lack of insight refersRead MoreSpirituality, Religion And Schizophrenia Essay1398 Words   |  6 PagesSpirituality, Religion and schizophrenia Often psychiatrist treat patients with schizophrenia disorders who are religious or have some form of spirituality. The focus of the psychiatric care has been shifted from treating mental illness to caring for people who manage their own mental illness. Therefore, it is necessary to include an emphasis on the spirituality and religiousness of those with chronic mental illness and the role that it plays in their care. Spirituality and religiousness has beenRead MoreSchizophreni The Disturbing Mind Essay1377 Words   |  6 Pages Schizophrenia: The Disturbing Mind Riley A. Herwig West Georgia Technical College Abstract In this paper, I will thoroughly explain the devastating disease known as Schizophrenia. I will provide what the disease is, who is more likely effected, the symptoms of the disease, any known treatments, including medications and different types of therapy. After conducting my research, I have discovered the devastating effects of this disease and the turmoil those who suffer fromRead MoreTo What Extent Neurotransmitters are Implicated In Schizophrenia1232 Words   |  5 PagesImplicated In Schizophrenia During the course of this essay. The effects of Schizophrenia will be discussed, and whether or not neurotransmitters have a major implication in the diagnosis of such a disease. First we will look at the neurotransmitters, and how they develop. Followed by the biological implications towards Schizophrenia. Concluding with empirical evidence to support or disagree with the different aspects that effect the prognosis of Schizophrenia. NeurotransmittersRead MoreThe Biological And Psychological Explanations Of Schizophrenia1405 Words   |  6 PagesIn this essay I will try to explain schizophrenia and talk about the main biological and psychological explanations, also showing how similar and different they are. Schizophrenia is defined in the oxford dictionary as a long-term mental disorder of a type involving a breakdown in the relation between thought, emotion, and behaviour, leading to faulty perception, inappropriate actions and feelings, withdrawal from reality and personal relationships into fantasy and delusion, and a sense of mental

Reflection on Nursing Care

Question: Demonstrates the impact of reflection on future practice through critical thinking and synthesis of ideas . Evidence of the identification of personal values and beliefs on caring as a nurse. Clear linkages of the creative representation in the reflection on values and beliefs . An engaging and clear creative representation of person-centredness within your practice and an application of the Synthesised Model of the Communication of Caring in Nursing Participation in online forum discussion . Relevance to practice ( /20) Analysis of how ordinary nursing practice that may be perceived as extraordinary. Evidence of how the creative representation will enable your future practice to be authentic to your values and belief . Answer: Reflection on Nursing Care Nursing is considered as a fusion of science and art wherein the theoretical framework is formed by caring. Caring and nursing are based on a relational understanding, connection and unity between the patient and the nurse. The art of caring in nursing is based on the metaphysical and empirical knowledge that forms the science of nursing (Robinson 2014). The personal values and beliefs on caring as a nurse include human dignity, justice, privacy and human relationship. These values and belief form the spiritual and humanistic approach to the art of caring in the nursing profession (Boyd 2013). Justified intentional care, competence and compassion forms the core of caring and nurses are expected to develop these qualities while being in their profession (Robinson 2014). This assignment is a critical reflection of the personal values and beliefs on caring as a nurse of a situation that was based on a geriatric care ward for a patient with dementia, following Bortons developmental frame work. I am a registered nurse working in the medical ward of a multispecialty hospital and this reflection is about an incident where I perceived an ordinary practice of nursing as extraordinary. This reflective incident is about a 70 years old patient named Harry suffering from dementia and started at 7:30 am when my shift starts. It is common for the elderly to develop diseases like dementia and Alzheimers disease with the increase in life expectancy (Fong et al. 2015). Dementia is a condition where the mental ability gets declined and interferes with the activities of daily life like communicating, thinking and memory. This patient was aged and was suffering from a long time without much improvement in his condition and I was involved in his nursing care. From this situation, I was providing the essentials of nursing care for an elderly patient with dementia as the process was challenging and it is quite difficult to manage the patients without having an appropriate understanding of the disease process (Peters, Villeneuve and Belleville 2014). I made active participation in the caring process by providing a safe environment for the patient and it was very much important to treat them with respect and maintain their dignity (Baborie et al. 2012). Person centered care was adopted for providing care to the patient as it is beneficial for the patients of dementia since they are considered as individuals rather than focusing on their disabilities and illness. It helps to treat the patients with respect and dignity (Brooker and Latham 2015). Harry was happy on my arrival and when I approached him for a bath, he became forgetful and confused and it is necessary for the nurses to supervise the patients of dementia during the process. Although the process went smooth, it got derailed at the end when he was asked to leave the bath as he started shouting with swearing and personal insults as he did not want to get out. From the incident, I developed mixed feelings as I belie ved that a previously happy patient turned agitated and distressed due to my actions and this evoked a feeling of guilt that made me upset. Although I was aware that mood swings are a part of dementia, however, considering his condition of ill health made me sad. However, I was happy that I eased the situation and was able to calm him down. This entire situation was ordinary from the perspectives of a registered nurse as they are used to the aggression of the patients of dementia, however, my perception and learning from the incident made it extraordinary for me. When Harry was informed about the changes in his behavior after he was pacified and how I handled the situation, he perceived the situation as extraordinary as well. Although it was my duty to handle such situations with care and kindness, he was surprised how someone can be kind when the patient is going rough and abusive. This was the perception of Harry of my patient centered care for his dementia and he perceived my ord inary nursing care as extraordinary. The outcome of this perception was beneficial for the treatment as he co-operated with me in his other care processes. During my process of pacifying Harry, I had a number of things going on in my mind. I was trying to apply the knowledge and theory of nursing care to get over this embarrassing situation created by Harry during his bath. His reactions were based on the thought that he will be allowed to do whatever he wish without any restriction and my actions were based on the scientific and ethical grounds of nursing care. On stopping him, he outburst with anger and this somewhat frightened and shocked me. However, the reaction was handled with care and I was there with him to calm him down as it was my professional and ethical obligation not to abandon the patient during the process of nursing care (van der Steen et al. 2013). According to the person-centered nursing framework, I was expected to provide holistic care and engagement to the patient and this was the reason I could not leave the patient on his time of discomfort. I was aware of the knowledge of the nursing care for the patient with d ementia and in such cases of patient anger, the most effective way to handle the situation is redirection of the topic in a firm and calm manner (Borson et al. 2013). This will ensure patient safety and reduce his confusion of expression of thoughts and following instructions. However, distracting his attention towards some other direction with the help of playful activities could have served the purpose effectively and made the situation better (Baborie et al. 2012). From the situation, I understood that even trivial events could bring about sudden changes in the mood of the patient with dementia that can even lead to aggression that has to be handled with appropriate patience and care, without leaving the patient. The broader issue that needs to be considered in this incident to make it successful is based on the critical analysis of why and where it went wrong that caused Harry to get angry Patients with dementia needs to be communicated in a way that makes them comfortable, based on the principles of person centered care of nursing (Borson et al. 2013). During his bathing process, if I communicated with Harry with small talks to distract him, the embarrassment could have been avoided (Catic et al. 2014). The consequence of this action could have made him feel ease with the situation and he could have avoided the verbal aggression (van der Steen et al. 2013). From this incident, I learned this skill which I will implement in my future cases of nursing care for the patients with dementia. I also realized that the curricula of the nursing schools should expand to include the courses on gerontology and geriatrics for providing specialized training for preparing the future nurses to provide optim al care to the patients with dementia and avoid such embarrassing situation to confuse and aggravate the patients. By reflecting on this incident, I have identified the gaps that I had in my knowledge regarding the nursing care of the patients with dementia that I bridged as the treatment progressed. Using Bortons developmental framework through action and reflection enabled me to develop the knowledge that is required in the practice of nursing (Rolfe, Freshwater and Jasper 2001). Action and reflection as the core values enabled me as a nurse to work with the patients suffering from mental health and support their families by enabling mutual learning and co-production of the knowledge (Rolfe, Freshwater and Jasper 2001). In this reflection, I used the framework of my theoretical knowledge and practical experiences to get over the problematic situation and established a dynamic theory of nursing practice. References Baborie, A., Griffiths, T.D., Jaros, E., Momeni, P., McKeith, I.G., Burn, D.J., Keir, G., Larner, A.J., Mann, D.M. and Perry, R., 2012. Frontotemporal dementia in elderly individuals.Archives of neurology,69(8), pp.1052-1060. Borson, S., Frank, L., Bayley, P.J., Boustani, M., Dean, M., Lin, P.J., McCarten, J.R., Morris, J.C., Salmon, D.P., Schmitt, F.A. and Stefanacci, R.G., 2013. Improving dementia care: the role of screening and detection of cognitive impairment.Alzheimer's Dementia,9(2), pp.151-159. Boyd, M.D., 2013. The Art of Nursing: Preserving History. Brooker, D. and Latham, I., 2015.Person-Centred Dementia Care: Making Services Better with the VIPS Framework. Jessica Kingsley Publishers. Catic, A.G., Mattison, M.L., Bakaev, I., Morgan, M., Monti, S.M. and Lipsitz, L., 2014. ECHO-AGE: An innovative model of geriatric care for long-term care residents with dementia and behavioral issues.Journal of the American Medical Directors Association,15(12), pp.938-942. Fong, T.G., Davis, D., Growdon, M.E., Albuquerque, A. and Inouye, S.K., 2015. The interface between delirium and dementia in elderly adults.The Lancet Neurology,14(8), pp.823-832. Peters, F., Villeneuve, S. and Belleville, S., 2014. Predicting progression to dementia in elderly subjects with mild cognitive impairment using both cognitive and neuroimaging predictors.Journal of Alzheimer's Disease,38(2), pp.307-318. Robinson, S.G., 2014. True presence: Practicing the art of nursing.Nursing2015,44(4), pp.44-45. Rolfe, G., Freshwater, D. and Jasper, M., 2001.Critical reflection for nursing and the helping professions: A user's guide. Basingstoke: Palgrave. van der Steen, J.T., Radbruch, L., Hertogh, C.M., de Boer, M.E., Hughes, J.C., Larkin, P., Francke, A.L., Jnger, S., Gove, D., Firth, P. and Koopmans, R.T., 2013. White paper defining optimal palliative care in older people with dementia: a Delphi study and recommendations from the European Association for Palliative Care.Palliative medicine, p.0269216313493685.

Research Paper on Youth Identity and Schooling Instructions Essay Example

Research Paper on Youth Identity and Schooling Instructions Essay Youth Identity and Schooling Instructions Introduction The concept of identity traditionally evoked numerous discussions since this concept contributes to the better understanding of the essence of human self and its formation. Obviously, the concept of identity is essential to research, and it opens new opportunities to understand what can influence the formation of the personality of an individual, his/her character, beliefs, views, opinion, etc. At the same time, it is necessary to underline that the concept of identity is often criticized since it is possible to estimate that the concept of identity imposes the external influences on the formation of the personality as determining factor, while other factors, basically concerning the internal world of an individual are practically ignored. At any rate, whether one supports the concept of identity or not, it is still necessary to remember that the human identity and human â€Å"self† are not the same things for the latter seems to be a wider notion which incorporates not only the notion of identity which, to a significant extent defines self, but it also implies the development of an individual independently from the process of identification with certain community, culture, nation, etc. In such a way, self-reveals the major weakness of the concept of identity and its limitations. We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on Youth Identity and Schooling Instructions specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on Youth Identity and Schooling Instructions specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on Youth Identity and Schooling Instructions specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Nevertheless, the concept of identity is worthy of profound research because it can be very helpful in the understanding of young people’s experience of school. To put it more precisely, the concept of identity helps better understand the process of formation of an individual in school and the impact of the social surrounding as well as the education system at large on the formation of the individual’s identity and self. In such a way, it is necessary to analyze the concept of identity, understand its essence, and critically evaluate this concept to reveal the major strengths and weaknesses of the concept of identity. After that, it will be possible to fully reveal the significance of the concept of identity for the understanding of young people’s experience of school. Basic implications of the concept of identity In fact, the concept of identity is quite complicated, and it is hardly possible to give a universal definition of this concept. Nevertheless, it should be said that the concept of identity, as many specialists agree (Russell, 2002), is of a paramount importance and its existence cannot be denied. Also, it is worthy of mention that the concept of identity implies that an individual’s personality is shaped under the impact of his social surrounding and external influences of his cultural surrounding, norms, and beliefs accepted within a particular community the individual lives in. Gradually, in the course of the formation of an individual, he acquires the existing social and moral norms accepted in his community and, what is more, he attempts to identify himself with this community to get integrated into it and lead a normal social life. Otherwise, i.e., if an individual fails to identify himself with certain social groups, he is doomed to become a kind of outcast, who does no t belong to any community and leads an asocial life, though it does not necessarily mean that he is some criminal or his behavior is antisocial. In fact, such an individual is simply lost for community as well as the community is lost for him, but such cases are rather exceptional than normal and, as a rule, practically all individual are normally socialized and, consciously or not, acquire their own identity which actually unites them with the rest of the community and make them feel a constituent and inseparable part of this community. At the same time, it should be said that nowadays there are a lot of discussions concerning the problem of defining human identity and human ‘self’. But the question is not new. A specific feature of the contemporary research and discussion is that the main characteristic of these notions is that they are constantly changing. Furthermore, a significant influence on human identity and ‘self’ produce the society people live in. Among those who support this point of view may be named Zygmunt Bauman and Erving Goffman. They have some common points in their views on the problem of identity, human â€Å"self†, and human society. However, the views of Bauman are particularly interesting for the analysis of the concept of identity since this researcher focused on the problem of the holocaust in the context of modern society and, in this respect, it is also possible to refer to Goffman’s research of German society and the influence it produced on indivi duals. These researchers, referring to the extreme points in the development of human society as well as in the formation of human identity perfectly reveal the essence of this concept and the extent to which human identity may be affected by the surrounding culture and social environment of an individual. In fact, an individual’s identity may be shaped by his environment to the extent that he attempts to belong to the community even though its norms and rules, at the current moment of development, contradict to basic human values or even human nature itself, promoting intolerance, discrimination, and simply genocide as it was in the case of Holocaust. At the same time, this problem is also important for the modern society since it helps better understand the formation of human identity. Bauman is famous for his works dedicated to the problem of modern society and separate individuals which he analyzed in two of his works â€Å"Modernity and the Holocaust† and â€Å"Modernity and Ambivalence.† He believes that modern society tends to be a society of order in which science and reason play the main role. At the same time, this tendency influences identity and force individuals to adapt to the changing society. At this point, he is close to views of Goffman who analyzed the Nazi period in German history and came to the conclusion that Germany was a solid mechanism, an asylum or total institution as he said. According to this point of view, individual’s identity and human â€Å"self† are changing and depending on the changes in the society and social conditions around people. In other words, the concept of identity is not static, in stark contrast, identity is constantly changing, and these changes are the reaction of an individual on the evolution of his socio-cultural environment. This means that an individual can hardly avoid the impact of society and, therefore, he is susceptible to the external influences which affect his identity. Moreover, an individual has a natural need to feel that he is a part of the community for he cannot live in complete isolation from society. Otherwise, he could not lead a normal social life and become some sociopath. As a result, an individual’s identity is affected by the changes in the surrounding world and adapts to new socio-cultural norms whatever they are, if these norms are accepted by the overwhelming majority of society. Actually, Bauman, on analyzing the processes that take place in modern society and paying a particular attention to study of Holocaust during World War II, indicates that in the modern world identity and human ‘self’ disappear in the context of rapid political and social changes like it happened in Nazi Germany and Jewish population of the whole Europe when there was a shift in human identification and their ‘selves’ as well as perception of representatives of other people as a ‘lower, worse race’. One of the conclusions he makes after the analysis of holocaust and its influence on human ‘self’ and identity is that the process of changes is practically a never-ending process and now it is characterized by a tendency to orderly organized society. In this respect, it is particularly important to refer to the researches conducted by Goffman concerning German society and human identity and â€Å"self† at the period of World War II. He attempted to trace what happens to an individual who enters a total institution. Germany at large could be treated as a giant organism where the order was everything and might be called a total institution because of its high organization and bureaucracy. Nazi tended to establish a new order in the whole world, and according to Goffman’s views, it would necessarily involve the evolution of identity and human â€Å"self† of each. In such a way, the researcher proves the profound impact of the socio-cultural environment and dominating ideology on human identity since he underlines that the dehumanization of German society at the period of World War II was basically the result of the dominant ideology and Nazi propaganda which affected identity of each provoking either positive or , what was rarer negative reaction on the changes in the life of German society. Eventually, this led to the probably greatest tragedy in the history of mankind but, what is more, this led to considerable changes of human identity, which under the impact of external factors, simply transformed individuals in puppets in the hands of Nazi puppeteers who controlled all spheres of life, including education, and, therefore, could influence the formation of individuals’ identity. Actually, Goffman states that in order to survive in any kind of social order an individual has to engage in a continuous process of evaluating the demands and expectations made upon him or her, and attempt to satisfy those by presenting an acceptable behavior to the outside world, in such a way adapting to a new social order (Russell, 2002). He also gives several examples which he treats as extremes in such a situation. For instance, he describes the story of a boxer, Rocky Graciano who was moving from one institution to another, and everywhere he tends to fight the system until he joins the boxer club in prison. Since that time on he stopped fighting against the system and was completely absorbed by it. On the other hand, he draws another extreme example that is a story of Robert Maxwell who plays according to the system’s rules but finally his ‘self’ rebels. His official ‘self’ became unbearable for him, and he committed a suicide been unable neither to play the system nor to oppose it. Thus, Goffman depicts two possible extreme ways out either to be absorbed by the system or be withdrawn. It may be projected to Bauman’s study of Holocaust. It is quite obvious that both Germans and Jewish had to adapt to new rules of the system created by Nazi. At this context quite noteworthy is a disbelief of Goffman in the ability of collective actions to change the system or the situation somehow in favor of individual’s identity or ‘self,’ to protect them from cruel rules. To prove it he draws examples of Nazi concentration camps Auschwitz and Treblinka in which groups of inmates have managed to gather enough strength and against the worst odds sabotage part of gas chambers. But even those who survived people have managed to do this only because they were in groups and played by their rules. In spite of the fact that the research discussed above involve the experience of the epoch of World War II, they are extremely important for the contemporary world. As it has been already mentioned above, such notions as identity and human ‘self’ are changing, and such specialists as Bauman and Goffman believe that they are dependent on the system existing in the society that force individuals to adapt to it. In this respect, Holocaust and German history during the Nazi period may be treated as evidence of this statement. What is more, these historical examples indicate to the great role the concept of identity may play in the life of society at large, and each in particular since individuals’ identity is shaped under the impact of their surrounding. This is why an individual’s identity may change respectively to existing social norms and existing social structure. In such a situation, it is obvious that it is possible to create conditions in which a limite d group of people that have all the power in society can influence the development of human identity and shape it according to their interests. It is necessary to underline that this risk is not a myth nowadays. In contrast, it is quite probably, taking into consideration the increasing role of media and the fact that they increase their influence on the formation of identity while education can hardly resist to the negative influences of students environment. In such a situation it is really important to perfectly understand the significance and essence of the concept of identity to better understand students’ experience of school and attempt to minimize negative and increase positive influences of their socio-cultural environment. However, it will be impossible to do without the analysis of basic strengths and weaknesses of the concept of identity. Strengths of the concept of identity Speaking about strengths of the idea of identity, it is necessary to underline that this concept refers to the natural need of an individual to be a part of the community. To put it more precisely, the concept of identity implies that an individual, as a social being, cannot live in complete isolation from the rest of society. Consequently, an individual needs to get integrated into the community he lives in to lead a normal social life. In this respect, the concept of identity helps better understand the process of individual’s integration and external factors that influence his integration in the community and, what is probably even more important, the factors that influence the formation of his self. It should be said that an individual is a dependent being and the concept of identity explains the mechanism of the formation of his id the identity in the result of the influence of his socio-cultural environment. In this respect, it is necessary to underline that one of the strong points of the concept of identity is the fact that this concept reveals the irrevocable power of the social surrounding of an individual and its influence on his identity to the extent that an individual cannot resist to the influence of the existing social norms, rules, regulations, cultural traditions, and customs. As a result, an individual, as a rule, is not even conscious of the fact that his self and his identity are influenced somehow, and that is actually not his own rules and norms in accordance with which he lives but it is rather the rules and norms that are imposed on him, on his identity by society. Furthermore, it should be said that the concept of identity also reveals the changing nature of human self and its dependence on the changes in the socio-cultural environment. To put it more precisely, the changing nature of the concept of identity helps explain the changes that occur in individual’s views in the course of his development and throughout his life. In practice, this means that the concept of identity gives a reasonable explanation why individuals can change their views even in the adulthood or late adulthood when their character and personality at large are shaped. In such a situation, the concept of identity proves the fact that individuals constantly react to the changes in their socio-cultural environment and adapt their behavior respectively to the changes that occur in society. In such a way, due to the idea of the changeability of identity, it is possible to understand the fact that human self, human personality constantly evolves and it cannot be a rigid structure. In other words, an individual cannot be a programmed machine or, to put it more precisely, an individual cannot be a machine once programmed and being unsusceptible to reprogramming or changes. In this respect, it is possible to speak about another strong point of the concept of identity, namely about its role in the revealing the possibility of negative impact and the opportunity of the establishment of the total control over an individual from the part of a state or a limited group of people that have the power and are able to control various spheres of the life of society, including economy, politics, and education. The research of Nazi regime and its comparison to modernity are particularly noteworthy since they fully reveal the danger of such a situation when human identity is practically manipulated by a criminal regime that leads to dehumanization of each and the entire society. In fact, the concept of identity, helps better understand the ways in which human self may be influenced and, therefore, the understanding of the concept of identity gives ample opportunities to avoid blindfold programming of masses of people by means of education, for instance, since as educators fully realize the role and significance of identity and how it is shaped they can also influence its formation in a positive way. Consequently, the concept of identity turns to be quite strong since it is based on the social nature of human beings and their need to be a part of the community they live in. This concept reveals the possibility of manipulation and influence on the formation of human identity and, what is more, it helps better understand the extent to which such manipulations may be dangerous. Moreover, the concept of identity helps understand that an individual’s identity may change not only in the result of some manipulations but also in the result of any changes in social life and existing social order. This is why the concept of identity contributes to the more careful attitude to the implementation of radical changes which can affect the identity of each. This is particularly important since the formation of identity and external influences occur unconsciously for an individual, who sincerely believes that his views, ideas, opinion are exclusive of his own and not imposed on him by his socio-cultural environment. Weaknesses of the concept of identity Naturally, the concept of identity cannot have only strengths, and like any other theoretical concept, it is susceptible to criticism revealing weak points of this idea. In fact, the concept of identity is not an exception in this respect and has certain weaknesses which may decrease the significance of its impact on the formation of individuals’ personality and their life and behavior at large. First of all, it should be said that the concept of identity implies the irresistible need of an individual to feel that he is a part of the particular community. In other words, this concept implies that an individual needs to identify himself with the certain socio-cultural formation which has its own rules and norms. In practice, this means that an individual does not simply want to get integrated into any community but, moreover, he wants to share the same values, traditions, norms, culture, etc. only by the necessity of his identification with the community he lives in. As a result, the concept of identity makes the socio-cultural integration even more important than the process of socialization itself. What is meant here is the fact that it is still quite an arguable point that an individual does need to identify himself with some community. Instead, it is possible to presuppose that it is just a normal process of socialization when an individual simply tends to live in accorda nce to the existing norms that are accepted within a particular community without regard to its essence. In this respect, the idea of changeability of identity may be a kind of response to criticism of the concept of identity, but it is still worthy of reminding that nowadays, the problem of the loss of identity is often discussed (Chriss, 1993). To put it more precisely, the current trends prove the fact that modern society gets more and more integrated and various communities tend to unification and the creation of the new, universal community. In fact, this is a part of the process of globalization that affects the formation of individuals, but, at the same time, it is important to underline that such loss of identity indicates to the fact that people or their identities can change to the extent that they cannot simply identify themselves with any particular community. Instead, they simply become a part of the world community where the problem of identification with a particular social group is practically irresolvable. As a result, the essence of the concept of identity is a questio n, i.e., if there is a problem of the loss of identity than it would be logical to presuppose that the role and significance of identity was exaggerated since, in the modern world, people, originally having different socio-cultural background and, therefore, different identity, can normally live in multicultural community and feel their unity partially preserving their uniqueness and partially integrating in the new, global community. As a result, the concept of identity turns to be susceptible to changes to the extent that it can simply vanish in the process of the formation of the new, global community which leads to the loss of socio-cultural identity of individuals related to a particular and unique community or culture. In perspective, it is possible to speak about the formation of the community that will unite people of the entire world and, in such a situation, the concept of identity loses its significance even more because the only community individuals will need to identif y themselves with will be mankind. In such a way, it is obvious that the concept of identity should not be bound solely to the unique socio-cultural background of an individual, but, instead, it should incorporate all the external influences society produces on the individual. Though in such a situation, the existence of the concept of identity seems to be doubtful for there is actually no really motivated need of an individual to identify himself with the particular socio-cultural background but simply the natural need of socialization and acquisition of the essential social skills, learning existing social norms in order to lead a normal social life and adapt his behavior to the existing social norms. Anyway, being a part of the community is not necessarily equal to the identification with the community. It is another weak point of the concept of identity, which exaggerates the external influences on an individual and minimizes his internal power and inclinations. In this respect, it should be said that an individual cannot be dependent on his social environment because each is a unique personality. At any rate, it is obvious that whatever the community is and regardless the extent of its impact on an individual there are no identical individuals. Naturally, people may be similar in their behavior, share similar beliefs, have similar ethical and moral norms, etc. but still they are different. This difference is determined by individual, internal peculiarities of each person and it has nothing in common with the concept of identity. Otherwise, all people would be the same and they would be programmed machines without their own will and deprived of independent judgments. Obviously, such a situation is practically impossible and even the arguments of the supporters of the concept of identity that there were totalitarian regimes that totally controlled people and shaped their identities are not very convincing since even in Nazi Germany as well as in any other totalitarian state there was opposition, there were dissidents who did not want identify themselves with dehumanized community. The importance of the concept of identity in understanding young people’s experience of school Nevertheless, in spite of certain weaknesses of the concept of identity, it is still very important in understanding young people’s experience of school. In fact, whether one supports the concept of identity or is skeptical about it, it is hardly possible to deny that people strongly tend to social integration and they attempt to gain the recognition and public acclaim. This is why it is possible to estimate that people tend to identify themselves with the community they live in to gain the desirable recognition and acclaim. Such identification is particularly important to adolescents because adolescence is a very important period in the life of each individual which is marked by consistent physiological and psychological changes which affect the personality of an individual dramatically. In this respect, it should be said that the role of school experience increases considerably for adolescents since due to the changes that occur in this period of their development their school environment, basically consisting of their peers, grows more significant than their family environment, i.e., their parents. This means that in school, as students grow older, especially in the period of adolescence, they tend to become a part of their community consisting of their peers. In other words, they want to identify themselves with the new social group, different from that they get used to, for their family and other significant adults play less and less important role in the social life of an adolescent, while the role of peers increases considerably.As a result, they attempt to create their own, unique community, where they live according to their own rules and norms. No wonder that such trends often lead to unpredictable or even antisocial behavior of adolescents. Basically, adole scents are often dissatisfied with themselves since at this period of their life they have not really found their own identity yet but they are rather in search of it, and their attempts to identify themselves with the group of their peers may be viewed as the first relatively independent attempts to identify themselves with some social group. Naturally, educators and parents should understand these changes that occur to young people in school and react adequately to changes in adolescents’ behavior and psychology. In such a situation the concept of identity turns to be of paramount importance because it helps better understand and explain the motives of actions of adolescents, their behavior at large and, what is more, reveal their actual needs. Obviously, this can help construct a more effective model of relationships with adolescents since when educators and parents know the needs of adolescents and their motivation, it is possible to meet the demands of educators and parents to needs of students. To put it more precisely, due to the concept of identity, it is possible to create a positive school experience for young people assisting them in their efforts to find their own identity. In this respect, it is necessary to underline the important role of educators and parents in the guidance of young people in their search of the identity. Naturally, it does not mean that educators and parents should shape the identity of students. In fact, in adolescence and later, they will hardly be able to control students and shape their identity avoiding the influence of peers, but it is extremely important to guide adolescents in search of their identity and their self that is possible to achieve through establishing an effective and cooperative relationship with students. The latter goal is quite difficult to achieve but the knowledge of the concept of identity can enlarge educators’ and parents’ opportunities to influence students because the concept of identity implies that identity is changeable and, therefore, educators and parents should simply choose the proper way how to influence positively the formation of identity of adolescents. At this point, it is n ecessary to underline that the interference of educators and parents in the process of development of adolescents and form their identity should not be excessive. Instead, they should simply assist and guide but not rule adolescents. Anyway, the concept of identity is extremely important for young people in school. In fact, it is in school they made their first steps in search of their identity and, consequently, school experience is very important for them. Moreover, it is even possible to estimate that the experience they acquire in school can, to a significant extent, the further development of their identity and their personality. Even though identity is susceptible to changes, it is still necessary to remember about the great role of the adolescence and young adulthood in the formation of identity and personality of the individual. In fact, both identity and personality of an individual are shaped by the end of his schooling that proves the importance of this period in the life of each person. This means that, by the end of schooling, the identity is practically shaped and after school, it will simply change and evolve under the impact of various external factors and changing the socio-cultural environment. Conclusion Thus, taking into account all above mentioned, it is possible to conclude that the concept of identity is essential since it plays a significant role in the process of formation of an individual and affects an individual throughout his life. At the same time, it is necessary to underline that the concept of identity has both strengths and weaknesses, which should be taken into consideration to avoid exaggerating or underestimating the importance of the concept of identity. The latter is particularly important about the understanding of young people’s experience of school. In fact, the idea of identity help educators and parents better understand the changes that occur to students in the process of their development, especially in adolescence, and assist them in their formation. At the same time, the concept of identity is also essential for young people in school as well because it is where they acquire the essential social experience and the basis of their character and perso nality is created.

Catcher in the Rye - chapter analysis essays

Catcher in the Rye - chapter analysis essays English Journal The Catcher in the Rye In the two opening chapters we are introduced to Holden Caulfield and his life at Pencey High. This is all about to end due to his failure in 4/5 subjects. My initial reaction to Holdens personality was that he had a very negative view on many things happening in his life, for example the football game he was watching and the teacher Mr. Spencer. Holden also introduces his view on phonies. I find Holden to be a very depressing character that doesnt really care about life or school, this is seen when he fails an essay. However when talking with Mr. Spencer we see another side to Holdens personality when he attempts to console the teacher by saying it is him not the teaching that caused him to fail. I find it hard to grasp the actual storyline, as Holden seems to talk about many various subjects. In this chapter, I learn more about Holdens personality. He is quick to judge people, impulsive, contradictive, cynical and quite random. Holden introduces Robert Ackley, who he says is a phony moron and then describes Ward Strandler his roommate as a secret slob. I think this is a very negative way to view the people around him. Holden seems to be quick to judge people and appears quite childish for making such a fuss and taking everything so negatively. Although Holden despises Stradlater he agrees to write an English composition paper for him. I think this relates to chapter 2 when he talked with Mr. Spencer because yet again Holden is helping someone he doesnt like. This showed me that although quick to judge people, he does have some concern for others. In this chapter Jane Gallagher, and old friend to Holden, is also mentioned. I found the reaction from Holden strange because he couldnt decide whether or not to go meet and greet her. I would have expected him to gone to see his friend to at...

The Lyrics for Christmas Eve by Tatsuro Yamashita

The Lyrics for Christmas Eve by Tatsuro Yamashita Here are the lyrics for Christmas Eve by Tatsuro Yamashita in Japanese, with a romaji translation. You can also hear the song, Christmas Eve on Youtube. There is an English version; though the lyrics are not a literal translation of the Japanese version. ã‚ ¯Ã£Æ' ªÃ£â€š ¹Ã£Æ'žã‚ ¹Ã£â€š ¤Ã£Æ'â€" é› ¨Ã£  ¯Ã¥ ¤Å"æ› ´Ã£ â€˜Ã© Å½Ã£ Å½Ã£  « é› ªÃ£  ¸Ã£  ¨Ã¥ ¤â€°Ã£â€š Ã£â€šâ€¹Ã£   Ã£â€š Ã£ â€  Silent night, Holy night 㠁 Ã£  £Ã£  ¨Ã¥ â€ºÃ£  ¯Ã¦  ¥Ã£  ªÃ£ â€ž 㠁 ²Ã£  ¨Ã£â€šÅ Ã£  Ã£â€šÅ Ã£  ®Ã£â€š ¯Ã£Æ' ªÃ£â€š ¹Ã£Æ'žã‚ ¹Ã£â€š ¤Ã£Æ'â€" Silent night, Holy night Ã¥ ¿Æ'æ · ±Ã£   ç §ËœÃ£â€š Ã£ Å¸Ã¦Æ' ³Ã£ â€ž Ã¥  ¶Ã£ Ë†Ã£â€šâ€°Ã£â€šÅ'㠁 Ã£ â€ Ã£â€šâ€šÃ£  ªÃ£ â€ž Ã¥ ¿â€¦Ã£ Å¡Ã¤ »Å Ã¥ ¤Å"㠁 ªÃ£â€šâ€° è ¨â‚¬Ã£ Ë†Ã£  Ã£ â€ Ã£  ªÃ¦ °â€"㠁Å'㠁â€"㠁Ÿ Silent night, Holy night 㠁 ¾Ã£   Ã¦ ¶Ë†Ã£ Ë†Ã¦ ®â€¹Ã£â€šâ€¹ Ã¥ â€ºÃ£  ¸Ã£  ®Ã¦Æ' ³Ã£ â€ž Ã¥ ¤Å"㠁 ¸Ã£  ¨Ã©â„¢ Ã£â€šÅ Ã§ ¶Å¡Ã£   è ¡â€"è §â€™Ã£  «Ã£  ¯Ã£â€š ¯Ã£Æ' ªÃ£â€š ¹Ã£Æ'žã‚ ¹Ã£Æ'„ãÆ' ªÃ£Æ' ¼ 銀è‰ ²Ã£  ®Ã£  Ã£â€šâ€°Ã£â€š Ã£   Silent night, Holy night Romaji Translation Ame wa yofukesugi ni yuki e to kawaru darou Silent night, Holy night Kitto kimi wa konai hitorikiri no kurisumasu-ibu Silent night, Holy night Kokoro fukaku himeta omoi kanaeraresoumo nai Kanarazu konya nara iesouna ki ga shita Silent night, Holy night Mada kienokoru kimi e no omoi yoru e to furitsuzuku Machikado niwa kurisumasu-tsurii giniro no kirameki Silent night, Holy night Vocabulary é› ¨ (ame): rain Ã¥ ¤Å"æ› ´Ã£ â€˜ (yofuke): late at night é› ª (yuki): snow Ã¥ ¤â€°Ã£â€š Ã£â€šâ€¹ (kawaru): to change Ã¥ â€º (kimi): you 㠁 ²Ã£  ¨Ã£â€šÅ Ã£  Ã£â€šÅ  (hitorikiri): all by yourself ç §ËœÃ£â€š Ã£ Å¸ (himeta): hidden, secret 㠁‹ã  ªÃ£ Ë†Ã£â€šâ€¹ (kanaeru): to grant, to answer a prayer Ã¥ ¿â€¦Ã£ Å¡ (kanarazu): certainly ä »Å Ã¥ ¤Å" (konya): tonight æ ¶Ë†Ã£ Ë†Ã¦ ®â€¹Ã£â€šâ€¹ (kienokoru): remain unmelted è ¡â€"è §â€™ (machikado): a street corner 銀è‰ ² (giniro): silver(color) 㠁 Ã£â€šâ€°Ã£â€š Ã£   (kirameki): sparkling, twinkling

Political Socialisation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Political Socialisation - Essay Example One of the major criticisms against the process of political socialization has been that it adversely affects the large numbers of women in politics and the recent evidences from the politics of world nations substantiate this view. Politics is all about power and power relationships and the people who enjoy power have always been superior in politics. The process of political socialization has the power of defining the relationships among the members of the society and this process decides the matters and topics of political discussions. â€Å"The process of political socialization invariably involves the power to define relationships ‘including the capacity to nominate others as equal or unequal memorable or abject, discusser or the discussed.’ In the social system of the day, men are always regarded as the superior gender that has the potential in determining the course of political and social destinies of a nation and the role of women has been sidelined. The impact of the process of political socialization on the status of the large number of women in politics is largely due to the interference of society in the long process of political socialization. Political and feminist thinkers from time to time have been in criticism on the process of political socialization which deteriorates the role of female politicians all over the world. Kate Millett has been an acute critic of this process which, according to her, subjugates the female gender to the superiority of the opposite gender.... s been that it adversely affects the large numbers of women in politics and the recent evidences from the politics of world nations substantiate this view. Politics is all about power and power relationships and the people who enjoy power have always been superior in politics. The process of political socialisation has the power of defining the relationships among the members of the society and this process decides the matters and topics of political discussions. "The process of political socialisation invariably involves the power to define relationships 'including the capacity to nominate others as equal or unequal memorable or abject, discusser or the discussed.'" (Mangan P. 2). In this process of political socialisation, the involvement of women in the political matters is greatly affected. In the social system of the day, men are always regarded as the superior gender that have the potential in determining the course of political and social destinies of a nation and the role of women has been sidelined. The impact of the process of political socialisation on the status of the large number of women in politics is largely due to the interference of society in the long process of political socialisation. Political and feminist thinkers from time to time have been in criticism on the process of political socialisation which deteriorates the role of female politicians all over the world. Kate Millett has been an acute critic of this process which, according to her, subjugates the female gender to the superiority of the opposite gender. Thus, Millett has described the female's 'consent' to the male-over-female paradigm "as a process of socialisation in which women were constrained to be passive, ignorant, valued if at all for bearing children, a function shared with

Weekly journal Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Weekly journal - Assignment Example In an interview with Edna, she stated that she reasonably expected both the baby and herself to be healthy throughout the journey of pregnancy and childbirth. She stated that by the time she was pregnant and subsequently gave birth, she was confident that the process was going to be safe. However, Mary indicated that she faced the whole pregnancy period and subsequent childbirth with fear since she was aware of a mother or a baby who was reported dead during childbirth. The whole process was uncomfortably since she was never sure of her fate (Shields, 2010). Nevertheless, she managed to go through the process safely with only minor medical issues that were later managed in the hospital. Currently, there is a great expectation that the changes in technology in regard to childbirth minimizes that the woman feared when giving birth 30 years ago. Edna stated during the interview that she was able to plan her pregnancy since this was the second child. Therefore, she was able to accord the pregnancy increased attention unlike Mary to a third child who stated that she never planned for the pregnancies and dealt with them as they came with intense fear. Consequently, Mary explained that her childbirth took place at home where the management of pain was mainly dependent on the midlife or the family’s skills of assisting her through the process. She reiterated that she experienced so much pain that she cried more than the new born baby. Later she was moved from home to the hospital due to some minor complications she developed. On the other hand, Edna said that she gave birth in the hospital with minimal pain since there was pain reducing childbirth anesthesia that was used on her and she has never developed any complication. Edna indicates that when she gave birth, she had known the gender of the baby and the doctors during clinics were continuously

Content and language Essay Example for Free

Content and language Essay In this piece of coursework I will be comparing the front cover of a broadsheet and a tabloid newspaper on the day that labour won the 2001 Election. To do this I will be concentrating on three main attributes, which are design and layout, content and language. First of all I will look at how effective the design and layout of the front cover is. On my chosen tabloid, The Sun, there is of course the bright red Sun logo but even more striking is the headline, Blairs Back. This headline is over double the size of The Sun logo. There is then on the left-hand side of the page a big picture of Tony Blair. Below the big heading is a sub heading which reads, Labour romps in with epic second landslide. Below the sub heading is a small section of text that carries on inside the paper. Overall the design and layout of this front cover is quite effective because the bold headline stands out and really hits you in the face which makes you want to buy the paper to see what the headline means. The sub heading then gives you more information, which shows that the paper is quite informative. The photograph on the front cover ads a bit of colour and life to the paper to show the reader that it isnt a dull paper. There is also a lure at the bottom of the page that says, See pages 2, 3, 4, 5 and 4-page pullout. This shows the potential buyer that there is a lot more information inside the paper about the election that encourages them to buy the paper. Basically, the front cover of The Sun concentrates entirely on the election. On the other hand in my chosen broadsheet, The Times, it is a very different story. The front page of The Times doesnt just concentrate on the election but on many other topics including things like sport. Like The Sun it has a date and price at the top of the page. The main headline reads, Election reward for Prescott. This is referring to the new job John Prescott will get now that Labour has been re-elected. Below that in the centre of the page is a picture of Tony Blair enjoying a day out with his family. Below that is another smaller story about the election. The headline says, Blair forecasts further growth. There is another smaller picture of the Blair family to the left of the headline. Below that is a completely unrelated article about Lord Archer. To the right of this story is an advertisement for Tiffany Co. diamonds. Overall the design and layout of The Times is very effective. The main headline is bold and simple which stands out. The photographs add life and colour to the paper. The amount of text shows the buyer it is a very informative paper that will appeal to a lot of people. The second story and the advertisement shows the buyer that the paper is interested in the election but the final story shows the buyer that it is also interested in the rest of the world. There is also a lure at the bottom of The Times. It reads, The Times Today: page 2. Crossword: p 32. Media: Times 2, p 21-25. TV radio: Times 2, p 27-32. This also encourages the buyer to buy because there are other things inside apart from news. The photographs on both papers are also important. In the Sun it shows a smiling Tony Blair in a shirt and tie. I think that the picture is trying to say that Tony Blair is happy to be back in office and he is going to try his hardest to make a difference. In The Times there are two photographs which show a very similar thing. Both of the photographs show Tony Blair acting very relaxed with his family. The bigger photograph was taken this year just before the election but the smaller one was taken in 1997 before the election. I think the photos are trying to say that Tony Blair is almost taking it too easy and that he thinks he has already won. The headline of a newspaper and the way it is presented is also very important. On the front cover of The Sun the headline is short, snappy, bold, big and close together. The headline reads, Blairs back, which is in block capitals. The headline takes up just over half the page even though it is very short. I think the headline is trying to create the effect that Labour is back, bigger and better than ever. On the front page of The Times it is very different. The main headline on the front page is a lot smaller and less bold than the one in The Sun. It is a lot more spaced out and not as to the point as The Sun. The headline reads, Election reward for Prescott. The headline is in lower case writing but is bolder than the text in the article. I think the headline is trying to create the effect that if Labour win the election people involved get rewards. In other words if you work hard you will get a treat! The arguments and issues presented in the lead story are a very important part of a front page. On the front page of The Sun it is obvious straight away that The Sun is very pro Labour. You dont even need to read the article to know this. At the top of the page there is a badge with the Labour symbol in the middle. In the article though it says, Tony Blair powered back into No10 early today after a SECOND landslide victory. You can see straightaway that The Sun is persuading the public that Labour deserves to be back in office. After reading the article you can also tell that The Sun does not like the Torys. In the article it says, Jubilant Mr Blair crushed Tory dreams of a revival-and put William Hagues job as Opposition leader in peril. This is a very blunt and uncaring comment and it shows The Suns loyalty to Labour. In the article it also gives you all the statistics to show you by how much Labour won, as if they havent already! The ITN exit poll gave Labour 417 seats. The Suns article is also very brief with not much detail in it. The Times article though is very different. It has a very neutral attitude and it is almost being unfair to the Labour party. In the article the writer raises the issue that although John Prescott has been given a new title he has been doing that job all along. Mr Prescott is being switched from his role as Environment Secretary to become Mr Blairs deputy in fact as well as name. The writer then raises the argument that John Prescott wont be with Labour come next election. Even so, some ministers believe it will be surprising if he stays in the Government throughout the new Parliament. The article in this paper is a lot longer and more detailed. The language in the two newspapers is very different. This is because The Sun appeals to the working class person where as The Times appeals to the more professional classes. That is why The Times uses more sophisticated language and The Sun is very blunt and to the point.

Dreams Can Come True :: essays research papers

Dreams Can Come True â€Å"I think my passion for [flying] started when I was in high school†, Gary Chambers told me as I sat down in his beautiful home in the hills of Serrano, a very upscale, gated community in El Dorado Hills, California. He was wearing a tropical shirt and bahama shorts with a pair of Teva sandals on his feet. He offered me a soda and then sat down across from me. We were sitting in matching black leather love seats with a tan and gray granite coffee table separating us. Despite the fact that he agreed to the interview and seemed eager to talk to me, he seemed uncomfortable during our conversation. He indicated to me that he wanted to get started right away. I was given the impression that he was a guy that did not like to waste time, but instead liked to get right down to business. I started asking him questions and I could see his eyes light up as he was talking about his zeal towards flying. He was like a burst dam flooding me with the story of his life and how he became hi s dream. He was just your typical high school kid until he decided to take Air Force ROTC (Reserve Officer Training Corps). Springing out of bed each day, showering and dressing as quickly as possible, he rushed out of the door, saying goodbye to his parents and hurried his way to school. The journey to school was not as bad for him as it was for other kids because he resided right down the street. He was not anxious to get to school, but eager to go to his Air Force ROTC class. Although he did not love the Air Force, his passion for flying was what motivated him to come to school early everyday and talk to the Colonel that was teaching the class. He was a dry sponge and he wanted to soak up all the flying knowledge that the Colonel had. Gary continued to probe the Colonel for erudition until he graduated.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After he finished high school, Gary moved on to college. He chose to matriculate at the Illinois Institute of Technology in Chicago where he received his Batchelor’s Degree in civil engineering. The Air Force, he was hoping, would be able to give him the career he desired. Disappointingly, the position that Gary wanted was not available at that time through the Air Force.

Quality Management Essay

What are product, delivery process and services? Indentify and explain one definition that you will be using for this assignment. The company my chose is Burger King. Definition of product: A product is tangible with a physical form. Its design is to fit into a specific purpose defined by the customer of a target market. It is produced through a manufacturing process with specification. The customers will evaluate product’s performance against its price while using it. A product has to be designed for use safely and environment friendly, as often one of the guiding principle. For example, the Burger King’s product, and some of history. When the predecessor of international fast food restaurant chain Burger King (BK) first opened in 1953, its menu predominantly consisted of hamburgers, French fries, soft drinks, milkshakes, and desserts. After being acquired by its Miami, Florida franchisees and renamed in 1954, BK began expanding its menu by adding the Whopper sandwich in 1957, and has since added non-beef items such as chicken, fish, and vegetarian offerings, including salads and meatless sandwiches. Other additions include a breakfast menu and beverages such as Icees, juices, and bottled waters. As the company expanded both inside and outside the United States, it introduced localized versions of its products that conform to regional tastes and cultural or religious beliefs. To generate additional sales, BK occasionally introduces limited-time offers of special versions of its products, or brings out completely new products intended for either long- or short-term sales. Burger king, in general, the main business is fast food, and taste delicious, can satisfy the needs of the customers. (Burger King Product, 2013) Delivery Process The delivery process usually involves six factors: The accountable product/service provider and his product/service suppliers (e. g. the people) Equipment used to provide the product/service (e. g. vehicles, cash registers, technical systems, computer systems) The physical facilities (e. g. buildings, parking, waiting rooms) The requesting product/service consumer Other customers at the delivery location Customer contact The service encounter is defined as all activities involved in the service delivery process. Some service managers use the term â€Å"moment of truth† to indicate that defining point in a specific service encounter where interactions are most intense. Service is through a delivery process meeting and exceeding customer’s expectations. It consists of many back – and front-stage activities where the customer interacts directly or indirectly with the service organization. The purpose of the interaction is To satisfy specific needs and wants of the customer, In a way that meets the customer’s expectations and gives value to him/her. Each customer contact is called a moment of truth. Customer is either satisfy or dissatisfy them when you contact them. For example, a massage shop provide massage services. The services they provide is intangible, and can help the customers to relax. In Burger King, there is also some services provided. For example, when customers order at the counter, the staff will serve the customers by providing them ordering services. When the food is not ready, the customers will take a queue number and take a seat first. When the food is ready, the staff will deliver the food to their table. This is also another services. Thus in Burger King, although they are selling products, but they also provide certain services to add value to customers. 1. 2 Explain and illustrate, in the quality system, the processes of inspection and assurance. Quality assurance inspection is defined as the assessment of characteristics with respect to defined standards in order to assure quality to the customers for any industry of business. Any quality monitoring inspection process consists of the following steps Deciding the sample size – The sample size for quality inspection is decided based on the total lot size to be inspected and the criticality of the characteristics involved. International standards such as ISO 2859 help the inspector to decide the right sample size for the inspection. Selection of samples – Once the sample size is decided, the next step is in the inspection process is selection of the samples. Based on this sample, a decision needs to be taken on the entire lot so it should be a true representative of the lot. To ensure this, the samples should be selected randomly. Measuring or Testing – Once the samples have been selected randomly, these need to be measured and tested. Various standards are available which can be used depending upon the characteristics to be measured or tested. Sometimes the customers may ask for the tests as per their procedures, which may be more stringent than the standards adopted by the organization. However, these terms and conditions need to be agreed upon before entering into a contract with the customer. Examining – Some characteristics only need to be visually examined or inspected. These characteristics may look easy but these are the ones, which may become a point of controversy, since these are subjective in nature. For e. g. shade of the color. Again standards come to an inspectors rescue at this time. Moreover, measurement system analysis helps in removing any doubts on measurement, testing or examining. Comparing with specifications – The results of measurement, test results, results of visual examination need to be then compared with the agreed specifications to decide if the goods or the services meets them the very purpose of a QA inspection. If the samples tested meet the specifications, the entire lot is accepted, otherwise it is rejected. Deciding on subsequent action – Based on the quality inspection results and the comparison of the same with the specifications a decision on a lot is taken. The important point to be noted here is the kind of action initiated if the lot does not meet the specifications. If the manufacturer takes action only to dispose off the defect then the defect may reoccur in the next lot too. All this results in wastage of various resources. The right approach in such cases is to find the real reason or the root cause of the defect and then take corrective and preventive action to eliminate these causes and hence assure good quality.

Rampant Violent Crime Essay

Since my opponent didn’t give any arguments, I’ll first my arguments: 1.Violence was always there. It’s not a new invention. Since the beginning of time, there has been violence. The first murder is mentioned in the bible. Much before there was even electricity. 2.If the violence you see on television causes you to act violently, each and every one of us (since most of us watch TV) would have been violent 3.Those who act violently are people which are naturally violent. The proof of that is that animals act violently too. animals do not watch TV. They act violently since they are naturally violent creatures. see more:solutions to crime People don’t like to look to themselves when we think about our faults so we turn to a inanimate Scapegoat. While Television has violent programs, it is our decision whether or not to act on what we see or what we allow our children to watch. To blame tv is irresponsible, not taking responsibility to yourself. Virtually everyone in our society watches television, yet we don’t have rampant violent crime rates. Violence existed long before the television and violent crime rates have actually dropped over time. That alone should invalidate any claim of a direct causal relationship. Unless you want to suggest that violence would be virtually non-existent if we had no entertainment, in which case you’re being intentionally obtuse. What television show people have been watching for the last thousands of years? People have been killing people and committing crimes since the beginning of time. I ask an opponent to find one source linking TV to violence directly. Societies with TY’s and societies without TV’s have crime. Television was the scapegoat formed by the old thesis before the antithesis could roll it over. There is no distinction between right and wrong anymore. I see kids crying in the grocery store all the time, and their parents give them candy. For crying! They associate bad behavior with getting what they want. People who are used to getting what they want will become more aggressive. Teaching right from wrong early on will help with the situation, but it first lies with the parenting. After that, the school system needs to pick up on it. Television is entertainment. And it’s not the same with video games where people can argue that video games might make dumb kids think it’s ok to kill people. Most TV shows that have violence show what a bad thing it is, like the guilt and pain that can come from crime. Television has less connection to violence than paintball does to writer’s block. It is the things the people watch on television that influences them. If they watch an action movie and it doesnt have much friction (the bad guy being caught) the viewers might think â€Å"I could do this!† and get an idea of violent actions. In conclusion,it all depends on the show or movie somebody watches and that type of person. Television cannot cause any actions. Yes, we are influenced by our media. But I’ve watched plenty of action-packed gory movies about fights and violence and never had the urge. Part of it is parents, part of it is schooling and local environment. Violence has existed long before the media and although the scope of it has changed, the causes could never be attributed to media. I can’t agree with my opponent that Television is the leading cause of violence in today’s society. Since my opponent didn’t give any arguments, I’ll first my arguments: 1. Violence was always there. It’s not a new invention. Since the beginning of time, there has been violence. The first murder is mentioned in the bible. Much before there was even electricity. 2. If the violence you see on television causes you to act violently, each and every one of us (since most of us watch TV) would have been violent 3. Those who act violently are people which are naturally violent. The proof of that is that animals act violently too. animals do not watch TV. They act violently since they are naturally violent creatures.

Climate Change The Complex Issue of Global Warming

Climate Change The Complex Issue of Global Warming Introduction Global warming has emerged as one of the most important and complex global issues facing the international community. This phenomenon has led to climate change that has caused many negative impacts to the environment. The international community has come to a realization that it must pay greater attention to this problem. This paper will examine the complex issue of global warming by reviewing some important questions on the topic including the greenhouse effect, atmospheric carbon dioxide and the significant environment damages of increased carbon emissions.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Climate Change: The Complex Issue of Global Warming specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Greenhouse Effect and CO2 Global warming has been largely attributed to the greenhouse effect. By definition, the greenhouse effect is the process through which the atmosphere absorbs infrared radiation emitted from the Earthâ₠¬â„¢s surface once it is heated directly by the sun during the day. This heat energy is then used to warm the planet. Greenhouse gases (GHGs) play an important role in controlling temperatures on the Earth. These gases fulfill this role by preventing all the sun’s radiation from escaping from the earth through convection (Jacobson 316). The GHGs selectively absorb radiation in the infrared region and then release this heat energy in all directions. By trapping some of the Sun’s heat energy, the greenhouse effect ensures that the temperatures remain high even when the sun is not shinning directly on the Earths surface. The natural greenhouse effect ensures that the Earths average near-surface air temperature is 150 (Jacobson 316). Without the greenhouse effect, the average temperature would be -150 and this is too cold to support most life. In addition to the natural greenhouse effect, human activities have also increased this effect. The greenhouse effect attributed to activities by human beings is referred to as the anthropogenic greenhouse effect and it has led to undesirable increases of global temperature on the Earth. There are a number of main GHGs responsible for the greenhouse effect. Water vapor is the main contributor to the greenhouse effect on the planet due to its ability to absorb infrared radiation. The second major contributor is carbon dioxide and this gas contributes between 10 and 25% of the greenhouse effect depending on the region (Jacobson 317). Methane gas, which occurs naturally or though the fermentation of organic matter, is the third major contributor of the greenhouse effect. The Ozone layer, which is a naturally occurring gas that is mostly concentrated in the stratosphere, is the fourth major naturally occurring greenhouse gas. Nitrous oxide, primarily produced from agricultural activities, is also an important greenhouse gas. The level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has experienced significant increase from the 280 parts per million (ppm) levels of 1860. The IPCC reports that the level of atmospheric carbon dioxide has been steadily increasing over the past few decades (1). The concentration in ppm in 1998 was 365 while in 2007 it had risen to 379ppm. Readings from the Mauna Loa Observatory indicate that the current rate is 393ppm (IPCC 1).Advertising Looking for assessment on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More While natural atmospheric changes have contributed to an increase in the carbon dioxide level in the atmosphere, scientists agree that human activities have caused the greater increase (Dimitrov 801). Fossil fuel use has been the major cause of the increase in carbon dioxide levels. Fossil fuels have been used as the primary energy source for the industrialization process carried out from the last century. Cement production is also noted as a significant contributor to the carbon dioxide in the e nvironment. Carbon dioxide concentration has also risen due to the extensive deforestation that has taken place since 1860 (Dimitrov 802). Trees act as carbon sinks and reduce the level of CO2 in the atmosphere. Extensive deforestation has meant that the only a small amount of CO2 is absorbed by trees leading to the rise in atmospheric CO2. Environmental Damages of CO2 Emissions A number of major adverse effects to the environment are predicted if the CO2 emissions are not significantly reduced. The rise in CO2 will lead to increased temperatures on the Earth and this will increase the frequency of heat waves. Heat waves are devastating since they might lead to major fires that destroy natural habitats and even populated areas. Heat waves will also increase the demand on the available water resources (Fung and Lopez 119). The global warming attributed to carbon emissions will also increase flooding as the frequency of storms increases and sea levels rise due to the melting of ice at the Polar Regions. Fung and Lopez assert that climate change caused by CO2 will affect the quality of surface water. Some areas will experience increased flushing of nutrients and the increased storm intensity might lead to additional pollution of water (Fung and Lopez 119). The biodiversity on the Earth will also be negatively impacted by climate change. Some species will not be able to adapt the changing climate leading to their extinction. Analysis In my opinion, we do not need to wait for more evidence about the future of climate change before acting. The available evidence already strongly suggests that climate change is occurring due to the increase in greenhouse gases all over the world. Human activities are responsible for the extra CO2 emissions that have led to global warming.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Climate Change: The Complex Issue of Global Warming specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The freq uency of the adverse environmental effects attributed to global warming has already increased. Failure to take action to mitigate climate change over the last few decades has led to an increase in the detrimental effects of global warming. While there is no single solution to fix the problem, reducing the greenhouse gas emissions to the environment is an effective method. The global community should start acting now in order to reduce carbon emissions and therefore mitigate the problems caused by climate change. Dimitrov, Radoslav. â€Å"Inside UN Climate Change Negotiations: The Copenhagen Conference.† Review of Policy Research 27.6 (2010): 795-821. Web. Fung, Fai and Lopez Ana. Modelling the Impact of Climate Change on Water Resources. NY: John Wiley Sons, 2011. Print. IPPC. Human and Natural Drivers of Climate Change. Jan. 2013. Web. Jacobson, Mark. Atmospheric Pollution: History, Science, and Regulation. Cambridge University Press, 2002. Print.

Bills, Bolls, and Bulls

Bills, Bolls, and Bulls Bills, Bolls, and Bulls Bills, Bolls, and Bulls By Mark Nichol The Latin noun bulla, meaning â€Å"knob† or â€Å"round swelling,† is the source of a family of words starting with b followed by a vowel and the l sound (and sometimes additional letters and sounds), which are listed and defined in this post. Ball (in senses pertaining to a round object) and related words such as ballistics are cognates of words derived from bulla; like that term, they stem from a proto-Indo-European root meaning â€Å"blow† or â€Å"swell,† though by way of a Germanic language rather than Latin. (The word for a fancy dance party, and its derivative ballet, by contrast, are from a proto-Indo-European root meaning â€Å"reach† or â€Å"throw†; though one can throw a ball that is an object as well as one that is an event, the roots are apparently unrelated.) Meanwhile, bell (and bellow) likely stem from the former root with the sense of â€Å"roar† or â€Å"sound† but are not descended from bulla. Bill, in all the senses pertaining to a document or other piece of paper, comes ultimately from the notion of a knoblike seal used to authenticate a document. (In the sense of a bird’s beak or an ax-shaped tool or weapon, however, the word is unrelated.) Billet, referring originally to a written statement and then by extension to the housing of soldiers in private homes, authorized by such a statement, is a diminutive of bill. (Billet-doux- literally â€Å"sweet note†- is adopted from the French term meaning â€Å"love letter.†) Bowl, and bowler (the word for a type of hat) and bowling (the term for a sport), derive from bulla, as does boll, which describes a pod of cotton produced by flowering of the cotton plant. Bollocks are testicles, and the word is British English slang for â€Å"nonsense† or a stronger retort; the spelling variant bollix is reserved for describing an act of bungling or messing up. Bolero, the word for a type of dance, comes from the extension of bulla to describe a circular motion; the name for a short jacket sometimes worn by participants in such a dance has the same origin. Bulla itself survives in medical usage to describe a bony or blistered prominence, while bull, in the sense of a papal decree, and bulletin, denoting a notice, are cognate with bill. (Bull, when referring to male cattle and, by extension, the adult male of various species, likely comes from the proto-Indo-European root from which both â€Å"blow† and â€Å"roar† are derived, though linguists disagree about which sense inspired the word.) Bullet, meanwhile, betrays that projectiles fired by guns were originally ball shaped. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Comparative Forms of AdjectivesWhat is the Difference Between Metaphor and Simile?Sit vs. Set

Malcolm Glazer's Acquisition Of Manchester United Case Study

Malcolm Glazer's Acquisition Of Manchester United - Case Study Example As we know that the finance department plays a vital role in every organization and ensures that the organization has enough resources and liquidity to meet its legal obligations as well as facilitate its shareholders. The primary goal of the finance manager is to ensure that his company has adequate supply of capital and sufficient statutory reserves. The ultimate goal of every organization is the same "to increase the surplus". But the question is; how the finance manager becomes the part of the success story and how they can maximize the value of their organization The financial manager or the chief financial officer (CFO) is responsible for financing the enterprise and acts as an intermediary between the financial system's institution and markets. While on the other hand, the business manager is responsible for a different kind of work like investing in plants and equipments, undertake research, hire staff and sell the firm's product. Major financial decisions made by the managers of a business are either investment decisions or financing decisions. In investment decisions, managers consider the amount invested in the assets of the business and the composition of that investment. Investment in assets are more beneficial because it produces cash flows for the entity that are needed to meet the operating expenses, pay interest to lenders and taxes to government. In addition to the amount and composition of investment, managers have to decide how to finance them; it pertains to the financing decision which involves generating funds internally or from sources external to the business. Dividend decisions also affect the financing decisions (Bossaerts, 2006). Successful companies have skilled people at all levels inside the company, including (1) leaders who develop and articulate sound strategic visions; (2) managers who make value-adding decisions, design efficient business processes, and train and motivate work forces and (3) a capable work force willing to implement the company's strategies and tactics. Before going

Parent education Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Parent education - Research Paper Example The failure of many adults to succeed is rooted in the poor parenting skills of those who raised them, therefore society should insist that parenting courses be a requirement of those who are pregnant, both the mother and father of the child, so that the needs of society can best be served by the actions of the parents. A society has the right and the obligation to define how its members will interact within the ideological framework of its culture. One of the biggest problems in the United States is that most people do not have generations of ancestors who came before them on which to base their cultural belief systems. Therefore, the way in which parents pass their heritage to their children is often convoluted and without social structure, the design of the community not based upon generations of cultural belief systems, but a patchwork of concepts that do not inform those who are trying to find a way to raise their children on exactly what is best in regard to their future.

Organizational Policy and Strategy Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Organizational Policy and Strategy - Case Study Example The industry rivalry amongst the producer businesses is important criteria for introducing cutting edge differentiating element in the products to gain leverage. This is one of the major motivating factors for Samsung Inc to be highly innovative in its products and development processes. The quality and creative input within the product gives huge advantage to the suppliers and puts him in a bargaining position. Samsung producing high quality memory chips at relatively low cost has been able to bargain with its customers. The bargaining power of buyers is reduced when there is short supply of quality goods which have great demand. In the case of Samsung, the buyers increasingly prefer them because of their quality products and their credibility of supplying goods timely. The technological advancements have brought forth an explosion of information that is easily accessible to public through the internet and other media like television, radio, mobile phones etc. The competition from substitute become highly likely and the company needs to adopt innovative approach to its marketing. Samsung has successfully met this aspect by evolving flexible strategies like innovative product like and introducing elements of surprise within the products as well within the marketing of the products and services. Last but not the least is the threat from new entrants of the business. The globalization has provided facilitating grounds for new entrants and therefore, the existing firms must ensure that speed and flexibility become intrinsic part of their strategy as they become extremely important ingredients for the products so that the organizations can timely and efficiently meet the fast changing preferences of the customers. Under the dynamic leadership of Kun Hee Lee, the company enjoyed competitive advantage over their rivals in the world market primarily because of the sharp business

Credit Card Fraud Detection through Data Mining

Credit Card Fraud Detection through Data Mining Abstract With the increasing fraudsters day to day, the fallacious transaction is rapidly growing thus making the frauds in this scenario a matter of high importance. Huge database patterns are identified by various data mining models assisting to strengthen and detect the credit card fraud. This research primarily focusses on Credit Card Fraud Detection analyzing two different methods used to detect fraudulent systems and implement the new technologies to the system to minimize frauds in credit card transactions Keywords- Data Mining, Methods, Credit Card, Fraud Detection, Hybrid Technology, Neural Network, Support Vector System Data Mining is filled with application growth opportunities and research which are reliable and usable from the data. Rapid development of e-commerce, usage of credit card has become well known mode for online and regular transactions, increasing the credit card fraud simultaneously. Fraud detection is a complicated problem as unwanted transactions are hidden in the authoriosed transaction. Due to security reasons and also to gain trust of users credit card fraud detection has now become important to companies. Neural Networks [1], Bayesian Network [2], Hidden NaÃÆ' ¯ve Bayes Network [12], Dempster Shafer [10] are few methods to be justified in detecting the credit card fraudulent system. With the new technologies, it has now become easy for the companies and banks to detect the fraudulent system. With the growing credit card fraud problem in the industry this literature review will help us to understand and detect the techniques involved in detecting the fraudulent system. We will be describing two different approaches Neural Network and Support vector machine approach thus learning a new method to minimize the fraudulent system. This paper helps us to analyze data mining methods with respect to credit card fraud system. A. Neural Network Approach Neural network fraud detection method is primarily based on working of a human brain. Just as the human brain is capable of learning things from the previous experiences and uses the knowledge to decide things occurring in day to day problems the same strategy is used while detecting a credit card fraud with Neural Network system. Neural Network can reflect a small part of complexity and regulation Banks use this kind of network method to detect the credit card fraud. The moment a transaction takes place there are a set of attributes attached to it characterizing the account holder, the amount and the merchant. Considering an example, for the Mellow Bank Fraud Detection Feasibility Study a particular archived amount of data was used for model development as the authorized data wasnt easily available due to security reasons. P-RCE [3] neural network technique is used. P-RCE is used for pattern recognition as it helps to describe what exactly the human brain is thinking about. P-RCE has a single cell layer which outputs a numeric response called as Fraud score. The lower the threshold the more no. of credit card fraud is detected. Higher the credit card detection threshold less no. of fraud is detected. With 2000000 transactions of Mellon Banks data from Oct-Nov 1991, nearly measuring 50 accounts per day 40% of the fraudulent transaction was observed but prior to use of P-RCE method in Mellon Banks feasibility study the result came out to be 1 fraudulent transaction per week on reviewing 750 account per day. The improvement in the fraud detection performance was undeniably considerable. The p attern recognition method can actually help the banks to reduce 20-40% (in total) credit card fraud losses. B. Support Virtual Machine Approach An online transaction has four entities: credit card holder, credit card, the seller and the buyer. There is an independent history of transactions with each set of entities in the data set. Each entity keeps almost a consistent behavior pattern in authorized transactions. The risk of a transaction can be estimated by calculating the inconsistency of a transaction from the history of authorized transactions. Let us define Xe(t) {a1, a2, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦, an) as the transactional set in the entitys history is equivalent to f(t) beingF(t) {seller, buyer, holder, card) set of entities. We calculate the score of transactions, by defining l = (l1 , l19) [3] with c as value of a feature, as SC(l,e,t) = count(c,Xe(t)) The idea to calculate how near a transaction is related to past authorized transactions therefore we consider only those transactions that are proved legitimate from Xe(t). To train and test a classifier (weight and score) we have a vector in conjunction with the classification: SVM (Support Vector Machines). They are essentially supervised learning models used for analyzing data and recognition of patterns. Using the traditional methods, raw data was classified with SVM to check the impact of general weight in the outcomes and reduce SVM complexity as well. SVM classifier was used in classifying the transactions as fraud or authorized resulting in 40-50% in most months with false alarm rate 10-12%. The online credit card fraud system can be detected and improvised with the Big Data Technologies framework. The main aim is to achieve the goal of fusing various detection methods to enhance the accuracy. A workflow was proposed [13] containing common designs of fraudulent system thus making it easier to integrate identification of fraud system. In recent years, big data platforms were released to process and operate data including MapReduce and Apache Hadoop frameworks (open source for MapReduce). Two components are primarily considered: spouts and bolts. The source of streams is referred to as spout which reads and sends tuples from external source into topology. The data processing is done by Bolt. With the reference, the paper proposes a hybrid structure with Big data efficient in solving challenges related to performance and integration. The basic workflow is defined [13] in the figure. QF- Quick filter, DSA Demper Shafer Adder (combining different fraud scores and generating a merged result), EF- Explicit filter. This workflow is designed by combining different algorithms together for a higher accuracy like two DSAs are combined so that we can aggregate their fraud score to get better accuracy; 2) Another aspect can be considered by combining supervised unsupervised fraud approaches to examine a good cover of types of fraud; 3) The filters used: QF detects only the behavior of card holder whereas EF detects the historical data in the whole model. So, to achieve faster filter we can combine QF and EF as well as to get better efficiency the combination is good to go. In this paper, we have reviewed two data mining detection methods of credit card fraud. The research papers which arent considered here might have comprehensive methods to research and implementations of new detection techniques. This research paper describes: The Neural Network can be implemented in banks to reduce the credit card fraudulent system with it P-RCE algorithm. 2) Support Vector machine can detect the frauds in ecommerce system real time but isnt much reliable for complex frauds. 3) Hybrid technology framework, the workflow is essential to detect frauds in offline system as the method but can improve accuracy, performance and efficiency. To develop a credit card fraud system, the neural network method is best suited according to my understanding as it is efficient, accurate and cost effective thus implemented in Mellon Bank. Neural Network method has some failures as well but gradually with new technology it can overcome. But to develop a strong fraud detection system using credit card we need to combine few more complex detecting methods. References [1] S. Ghosh and D. L. Reilly, Credit card fraud detection with a neural network, in System Sciences, 1994. Proceedings of the Twenty-Seventh Hawaii International Conference on, vol. 3, Jan 1994, pp. 621-630. [2] G. F. Cooper and E. Herskovits. A Bayesian Method for the Induction of Probabilistic Networks from Data. Machine Learning, 9(4):309-347, 1992. Santiago, Gabriel Preti, Adriano Pereira, and Roberto Hirata Jr. A modeling approach for credit card fraud detection in electronic payment services. In Proceedings of the 30th Annual ACM Symposium on Applied Computing, pp. 2328-2331. ACM, 2015. Online Credit Card Fraud Detection: A Hybrid Framework with Big Data Technologies You Daià ¢Ã‹â€ -, Jin Yanà ¢Ã‹â€ -, Xiaoxin Tangà ¢Ã‹â€ -, Han Zhaoà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚   and Minyi Guoà ¢Ã‹â€ - à ¢Ã‹â€ -Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  School of Computer Science Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China Philip K. Chan, Wei Fan, Andreas 1. Prodromidir, and Salvotore 1. Stalfo, Distributed Data Mining in Credit Card Fraud Detection 2016 IEEE TrustCom/BigDataSE/ISPA H. Michael Chung Fredric C. Gey Data Mining, Knowledge Discovery, and Information Retrieval, Proceedings of the 34th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences 2001 Agrawal, Ayushi, Shiv Kumar, and Amit Kumar Mishra. Implementation of Novel Approach for Credit Card Fraud Detection. In Computing for Sustainable Global Development (INDIACom), 2015 2nd International Conference on, pp. 1-4. IEEE, 2015. [2008] Abhinav Srivastava, Amlan Kundu, Shamik Sural and Arun K. Majumdar, CreditCard Fraud Detection Using Hidden Markov Model IEEE, Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing, Vol. 5, No 1., January-March D. L. Reilly and L. N. Cooper, An overview ofneural networks: early models to real worldsystems, in An Introduction to Neural and Electronic Networks, ed. S. F. Zometzer, J. L. Davis and C. Lau, 227-248, Academic Press, (1990). S. Panigrahi, A. Kundu, S. Sural, and A. Majumdar, Credit card fraud detection: A fusion approach using dempstershafer theory and Bayesian learning, Information Fusion, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 354 363, 2009. Z. D. Zhao and M. s. Shang, User-based collaborative-filtering recommendation algorithms on hadoop, in Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, 2010. WKDD 10. Third International Conference on, Jan 2010,pp. 478-481. [12] Jiang, Liangxiao, Harry Zhang, and Zhihua Cai. A novel Bayes model: Hidden naive Bayes. IEEE Transactions on knowledge and data engineering 21, no. 10 (2009): 1361-1371. [13] Dai, You, Jin Yan, Xiaoxin Tang, Han Zhao, and Minyi Guo. Online Credit Card Fraud Detection: A Hybrid Framework with Big Data Technologies. In Trustcom/BigDataSE/Ià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹ SPA, 2016 IEEE, pp. 1644-1651.IEEE, 2016.